Optimization study for preparation of activated carbon from Acacia mangium wood using phosphoric acid     

Mohammed Danish  Rokiah Hashim  M. N. Mohamad Ibrahim  Othman Sulaiman 《Wood Science and Technology》2014,48(5):1069-1083

A study on the preparation of activated carbon from Acacia mangium wood was conducted, and the operating factors, such as activating agent concentration, activation temperature and activation time, were optimized using response surface methodology. In order to determine the effects of the operating factors namely H₃PO₄ concentration (6.48–48.5 %), activation temperature (364–1,036 °C) and activation time (19–146 min) on the characteristics of activated carbon, a three-level rotatable central composite design was used. The second-order mathematical model was proposed by regression analysis of the experimental data gathered from 20 batch runs. The optimum H₃PO₄ concentration, activation temperature and activation time were found to be 40 %, 900 °C and 45 min, respectively. At optimum conditions of the operating factors, the percent yield and surface area were 20.3 % and 1,767 m²/g, respectively. The activated carbon was found to be largely composed of mesopores. About 95 % of the total surface area was attributed to mesopores.  相似文献   

Developmental profiles of GFAP-positive astrocytes in sheep cerebellum     

Moustafa Salouci  Nadine Antoine  Mohamad Khir Shikh Al Sook  Joëlle Piret  Yvan Mignon  Nathalie Kirschvink  Annick Gabriel 《Veterinary research communications》2014,38(4):279-285

Astroglial account for the largest glial population in the brain and play a variety of vital functions in the development of the central nervous system (CNS). An immunohistochemical study was performed in 19 ovine foetuses ranging from 2 to 5 months of gestation, one newborn lamb and three adult sheep. Using the anit-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) marker, several variations were found in the degree of GFAP positive (GFAP+) astrocyte distribution between the different zones in the cerebellum of sheep during brain development. Our study indicates that the first appearance of astrocytes from restricted zones in the cerebellum occurs around the eighth week of gestation. Bergmann cells were found to be present from around the 15th week of gestation onwards. Our findings suggest that the maturation of astrocytes begins in the caudal parts of the cerebellum, developing from their initial ventral regions to spread first to dorsal regions radially within the white matter, then followed by the more rostral parts of the cerebellum. Astrocytes were also found to proliferate in the vermis before appearing in the cerebellar hemispheres.  相似文献   

Babesia bovis Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase (BboDHODH) is a Novel Molecular Target of Drug for Bovine Babesiosis     

Ketsarin KAMYINGKIRD  Shinuo CAO  Tatsunori MASATANI  Paul Franck Adjou MOUMOUNI  Patrick VUDRIKO  Ahmed Abd El Moniem MOUSA  Mohamad Alaa TERKAWI  Yoshifumi NISHIKAWA  Ikuo IGARASHI  Xuenan XUAN 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2014,76(3):323-330

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Baseline susceptibility of a wild strain of Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae) to DDT and pyrethroids in an endemic focus of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran     

Saeidi Z  Vatandoost H  Akhavan AA  Yaghoobi-Ershadi MR  Rassi Y  Sheikh Z  Arandian MH  Jafari R  Sanei Dehkordi AR 《Pest management science》2012,68(5):669-675

BACKGROUND: Phelebotumus papatsi is considered to be the main vector of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis as well as sand fly fever in Iran. There are several measures for vector control, with emphasis on insecticides. The objective of this study was to determine the baseline susceptibility of this vector to the commonly used insecticides in an endemic focus of the disease in central Iran. P. papatasi collected from the field were used for susceptibility status. Its baseline susceptibility to DDT and pyrethroids was assessed on about 6866 specimens collected from Badrood rural district, Esfahan Province, Iran, during the summer of 2010. The LT₅₀ and LT₉₀ values were measured according to the World Health Organisation (WHO) test using probit analysis and regression lines. RESULTS: Results of tests against female P. papatasi revealed LT₅₀ values to DDT 4%, permethrin 0.75%, deltamethrin 0.1%, cyfluthrin 0.15% and lambdacyhalothrin 0.05% of 1104.97, 182.35, 26.79, 15.42 and 1.48 s respectively. The figures for male P. papatasi were 973.51, 59.5, 4.4, 2.65 and 1.5. CONCLUSION: The results of this study provide a guideline for implementation of different vector control measures. Furthermore, guidelines are needed for monitoring and evaluation of insecticide susceptibility tests against sand flies. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

Serological survey of Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina in cattle in South Africa     

Terkawi MA  Thekisoe OM  Katsande C  Latif AA  Mans BJ  Matthee O  Mkize N  Mabogoane N  Marais F  Yokoyama N  Xuan X  Igarashi I 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,182(2-4):337-342

A total of 719 serum samples collected from clinically healthy cattle from eight provinces located in different districts of South Africa were examined by the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the standard indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) to determine the serological prevalence of Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina. The results showed that 35.3% and 39.7% of cattle were positive for B. bovis and 30% and 36.5% were positive for B. bigemina antibodies on ELISA and IFAT, respectively. Mixed infections were detected in 18.2% and 26.3% of the samples using ELISA and IFAT, respectively. Consequently, the ELISAs with recombinant B. bovis spherical body protein-4 (BbSBP-4) and B. bigemina C-terminal rhoptry-associated protein-1 (BbigRAP-1/CT) were proven to be highly reliable in the serological diagnoses of bovine babesiosis in South African cattle, as evidenced by the significant concordance rates when the results were compared to those of IFAT. Moreover, the serological prevalence was significantly different among the tested provinces, in which the ranges exhibited between 15% and 73% for B. bovis infection and between 13% and 54% for B. bigemina infection. High sero-positive rates were present in Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal provinces, while the lowest rate was in the North West province. Our data provide important information regarding the current seroprevalence of bovine babesiosis in South Africa, which might be beneficial in developing rational strategies for disease control and management.  相似文献   

Standardization of the outbred BALB/c mice as a suitable animal model for <Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">Besnoitia caprae</Emphasis> studies     

Namazi F  Namavari MM  Rahimi E  Lotfi M  Tahamtan Y 《Veterinary research communications》2011,35(7):425-431

The Apicomplexan parasite Besnoitia caprae infects wild and domestic goats. Knowledge on Besnoitia caprae specially an optimized animal model is sparse. Experimental infections with tachyzoites of BC-Pars obtained from BALB/c mice were conducted in outbred mice to determine the infectivity and LD50 of Besnoitia caprae. Six groups of five mice were intraperitoneally infected with 12.5 × 10³, 25 × 10³, 5 × 10⁴, 1 × 10⁵ and 2 × 10⁵ tachyzoites and a control inoculum of DMEM, respectively. Although morbidity and mortality were observed in all groups, two mice in the 12.5 × 10³ group showed alopecia and skin lesions on 60 days post-infection (DPI). Histopathological and molecular examination of skins confirmed B. caprae infection. The LD₅₀ was calculated as 25 × 10^3.2 tachyzoites per mouse. The results indicate that outbred BALB/c mice can be used as a suitable model of besnoitiosis and to screen candidate treatments and to test the efficacy of vaccines for besnoitiosis.  相似文献   

Improved polycross breeding of tall fescue through marker‐based parental selection     

Fatemeh Amini  Aghafakhr Mirlohi  Mohamad M. Majidi  Samira ShojaieFar  Roland Kölliker 《Plant Breeding》2011,130(6):701-707

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Optimization of a solid-phase extraction method using centrifugation for the determination of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water     

Kouzayha A  Al Iskandarani M  Mokh S  Rabaa AR  Budzinski H  Jaber F 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(14):7592-7600

A fast and reliable method for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water samples by solid-phase extraction (SPE) using centrifugation has been developed and optimized. A silica-based C18 cartridge was used; parameters affecting the extraction procedure such as type and volume of the elution solvent, breakthrough volume of the percolated water sample, drying of the sorbent, and evaporation of the elute have been studied. The innovation of this work was the examination of the use of a centrifugation technique in both the drying and elution steps. When combined with centrifugation, the volume of the elution solvent was reduced to 1 mL and the time for sorbent drying decreased also to 10 min under vacuum. Under optimal conditions, recoveries for the 16 U.S. EPA PAHs were between 70 and 85% and the relative standard deviation varied between 1 and 14%. Surrogate standard recoveries were similarly between 61 and 94% with a relative standard deviation between 2 and 15%. The simplicity of the described method, use of less of organic solvent, short procedure time, and good recoveries demonstrate the advantages of this environmentally friendly approach for routine analysis of numerous samples.  相似文献   

RESPONSE OF CHICKPEA TO NITROGEN SOURCES UNDER SALINITY STRESS     

Amanullah Jan  Mohamad Bin Osman  Amanullah 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(9):1373-1382

Abstract

In vitro‐grown Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. cultivars Bright Golden Anne, Deep Luv, and Lucido were exposed to elevated mannitol, sucrose, or sorbitol concentrations to see if their response to this osmotic stress mimics that of in vivo plants enduring water deficit. The relative efficacy of the three osmotic agents at manifesting a response was also evaluated. Tissue osmolarity paralleled media mannitol and sorbitol concentration for all three cultivars. Shoot growth correspondingly decreased with increased osmolarity applied during the rooting phase. These responses generally resembled those of water‐stressed greenhouse plants. The degree of response varied with cultivar; ‘Lucido’ was the most sensitive and ‘Bright Golden Anne’ the least. Sucrose (metabolized by the plants) failed to elicit consistent osmotic stress symptoms; instead it enhanced both shoot and root growth. In vitro stress‐induced symptoms were produced in both proliferation and rooting stages, but consistent shoot growth reduction with increasing levels of incorporated osmotic agent was only observed during rooting. Plants did not retain the osmotic adjustment when they were subsequently subcultured from the stress treatments back to the control medium.  相似文献   

The population structure of Salmonella enterica Enteritidis in Iran analyzed by multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis     

Rainak Ghaderi  Keyvan Tadayon  Sargis Avagyan  Pejvak Khaki  Soheila Moradi Bidhendi  Ken James Forbes  Nader Mosavari  Mohammad Reza Toroghi  Farhad Moosakhani  Reza Banihashemi  Mohamad Sekhavati  Nasim Karimnasab 《Tropical animal health and production》2013,45(4):889-894

Salmonella enterica Enteritidis is the most frequent etiological agent of salmonellosis in humans and poultry. To understand the genetic diversity of S. Enteritidis in Iran, we examined 69 chicken isolates from 18 broiler farms and six non-epidemic human isolates from six geographically distant provinces by multi-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA). Among SE2, SE3, SE5, SE7, SE8, SENTR4, and SENTR7, only SE5 with four and SENTR7 with two alleles, respectively, proved variable giving estimates of locus genetic diversity of 0.58 and 0. In all, six closely related MLVA profiles were identified among which three were commonly represented by human and chicken isolates. This population homogeneity contrasts with the high diversity at these loci reported elsewhere and is likely a consequence of a single clone of S. Enteritidis distributed across Iran.  相似文献